Law & Legal Studies
Law entrance and bar examinations across global jurisdictions.
All Law & Legal Studies Exams
Law School Admission Test
Law School Admission Council (LSAC)
Standardized test required for admission to law schools in the United States, Canada, and some other jurisdictions. Assesses reading comprehension, logical reasoning, and analytical reasoning.
Common Law Admission Test
Consortium of National Law Universities
National-level entrance for admission to 22 National Law Universities in India. Highly competitive with over 60,000 candidates for approximately 3,000 seats across undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
All India Bar Examination
Bar Council of India
Post-qualification examination required for law graduates to practice law in India. Open book test conducted by the Bar Council of India.
Uniform Bar Examination (UBE)
National Conference of Bar Examiners (NCBE)
Standardized bar examination adopted by 41+ US jurisdictions. Portable score allows applicants to seek admission in multiple UBE jurisdictions.
California Bar Examination
State Bar of California
One of the most difficult bar exams in the United States. California does not use the UBE. Two-day exam includes MBE, essays on California-specific law, and Performance Test.
Solicitors Qualifying Examination
Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA)
New unified qualification pathway for solicitors in England and Wales (replaced LPC in 2021). Two-part exam: SQE1 (MCQs) and SQE2 (practical skills).
Bar Standards Board Qualification (Barrister)
Bar Standards Board
Three-stage pathway to become a barrister in England and Wales: Academic Component, Vocational Component (BPC/BPTC), and Work-Based Component (Pupillage).
National Committee on Accreditation (Canada)
Federation of Law Societies of Canada
Evaluation and examination process for internationally-trained lawyers seeking to qualify as lawyers in Canadian common law provinces (excluding Quebec).
Australian Priestley 11 (Law Admission)
Law Admissions Consultative Committee (LACC)
Australia's 11 mandatory areas of legal knowledge required for lawyer admission. Not a single exam but 11 core subjects that must be completed in law degree.
Japanese Bar Examination (Shihō Shiken)
National Bar Examination Committee
One of the most difficult bar exams in the world with historically low pass rates. Recent reforms have improved pass rates but competition remains fierce.
German Legal State Examination
German State Justice Ministries
Two-stage German legal qualification: First State Exam (after law studies) and Second State Exam (after 2-year legal traineeship/Referendariat). Full qualification (Volljurist) required for judges, prosecutors, and civil service lawyers.
Certificate of Aptitude for Legal Profession (CRFPA)
École de Formation du Barreau (EFB)
French bar entrance exam required to enter regional bar schools (CRFPA). Followed by 18 months of study at the bar school and CAPA final exam to qualify as an avocat.